M. Patrizia Carrieri, PhD Researcher National Institute of Health and Medical Research Marseilles, France Dr. Carrieri has been working at INSERM U912 (the National Institute for Health and Medical Research) in Marseilles since 1997 in the evaluation of the impact of antiretroviral treatments on HIV, and on substitution treatment for opioid dependence. Dr. Carrieri was the principal investigator of the MANIF 2000 cohort study on HIV-infected drug users, which documented the positive impact of opioid substitution treatments (methadone and buprenorphine) on the reduction of risk behaviours, on virological response and on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among this vulnerable population. In 2006 she presented epidemiological data from France on the public health impact of buprenorphine on opioid overdose mortality and HIV prevention among injection drug users to the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, data that were used by the Committee as the basis of its recommendation not to change the international control status of buprenorphine. Dr. Carrieri has published widely on the epidemiology of HIV, opioid substitution treatments, HIV prevention among injection drug users, and related topics. She is now the project director of a national intervention trial concerning the initiation of methadone in primary care.